Cognitive Approach- Insight is how we organize a problem situation.  Each problem has an appropriate schema or mental set.  Information processing helps understand a person's behavior. We can sense everything around us because of perception. The things we see, feel, smell, hear and taste  are familiar to us because of cognition.  Everyday we learn new things. Learning is gathering new information while memory retains the gathered information.  These two must co-exist because there is no use in learning if it will be forgotten. We can retrieve information by recall. We can familiarize with things by recognition. We can can remember forgotten information by relearning. Problem solving is also emphasized in this approach because by solving problems, memory can be accessed.  It is a skill and it must be done properly. A divergent problem is a problem with different solutions, example, a problem concerning the family can be solved in many ways. A convergent problem has only one solution, example, 1+1=2. Gestalt theory is synonymous to being whole or being complete.


Psycho-dynamic approach- Psychoanalysis was the first psycho-dynamic theory it has assumptions such as motivation and personality. personality is the effect o motivation. This approach emphasizes the role of motivation in our personalities and behavior. 
 Freud's theory of consciousness- He stated that we are conscious if we are aware of our feelings and thoughts. subconsciousness has two levels- preconscious and unconscious. Dreaming is an issue in psychoanalysis. Freud assumed that the mind is aware when it is asleep or awake. Dreams are said to be caused by wish fulfillment.  Freud also stated that a person's personality has 3 parts- id, ego and superego.  Some people has problems distinguishing his personality. They have split personalities. Freud also stated that a person's development has different stages-oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Some people are fixated in one of these stages so this results to regression.